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Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

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The 'Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus' by Ludwig Wittgenstein is a dense and challenging philosophical work that delves into the realms of logic, language, metaphysics, and mysticism. Wittgenstein constructs intricate rules for expressions in formal logic while simultaneously discussing how to talk about the real world, leading readers through a labyrinth of propositions and philosophical implications. The book transitions from logical postivism to a deeper exploration of language, reality, ethics, and values, ultimately suggesting that the ultimate truths of philosophy are inexpressible and transcendental.

Writing/Prose:

The writing is dense and challenging, with a blend of formal logic and poetic aphorism, making it demanding yet thought-provoking.

Plot/Storyline:

The text delves into the connection between language and reality, analyzing propositions and their representation of facts, ultimately addressing the limitations of language.

Setting:

The philosophical context is abstract, rooted in early 20th-century analytic philosophy, with reflective undertones of the wartime experience during which it was written.

Pacing:

The pacing is uneven, starting with more accessible ideas that become increasingly dense, requiring careful and often repeated reading.
MR. WITTGENSTEIN’STractatus Logico-Philosophicus, whether or not it prove to give the ultimate truth on the matters with which it deals, certainly deserves, by its breadth and scope and profundity, to...

Notes:

Wittgenstein wrote the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus while serving in World War I.
The book was initially submitted as his PhD thesis.
Wittgenstein aimed to clarify the relationship between language and reality.
His language theory involved pictures representing facts about the world.
He believed metaphysical issues arise from misunderstandings of language.
The final proposition suggests silence on things that cannot be said clearly.
Wittgenstein's work influenced the movement of logical positivism.
He later abandoned many of the book's conclusions in his later works.
The text is dense and often considered difficult to understand without prior knowledge of philosophical logic.
Many readers find the book beautiful yet bewildering, often requiring multiple readings to grasp its concepts.

From The Publisher:

Philosophy is not a theory, asserted Austro-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), but an activity. In this 1921 opus, his only philosophical work published during his lifetime, Wittgenstein defined the object of philosophy as the logical clarification of thoughts and proposed the solution to most philosophic problems by means of a critical method of linguistic analysis. In proclaiming philosophy as a matter of logic rather than of metaphysics, Wittgenstein created a sensation among intellectual circles that influenced the development of logical positivism and changed the direction of 20th-century thought.

Beginning with the principles of symbolism and the necessary relations between words and objects, the author applies his theories to various branches of traditional philosophy, illustrating how mistakes arise from inappropriate use of symbolism and misuses of language. After examining the logical structure of propositions and the nature of logical inference, he discusses the theory of knowledge as well as principles of physics and ethics and aspects of the mystical.

Supervised by the author himself, this translation from the German by C. K. Ogden is regarded as the definitive text. A magisterial introduction by the distinguished philosopher Bertrand Russell hails Wittgenstein's achievement as extraordinarily important, one which no serious philosopher can afford to neglect. Introduction by Bertrand Russell.

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About the Author:

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (1889-1951) was an Austrian philosopher who held the professorship in philosophy at the University of Cambridge from 1939 until 1947. He is known for having inspired two of the century's principal philosophical movements, logical positivism and ordinary language philosophy, though in his lifetime he published just one book review, one article, a children's dictionary, and the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921). In 1999 his posthumously published Philosophical Investigations (1953) was ranked as the most important book of 20th-century philosophy. Born into one of Austria-Hungary's wealthiest families in Vienna at the turn of the century, he gave away his inheritance, and was at one point forced to sell his furniture to cover expenses when working on the Tractatus. Three of his brothers committed suicide, with Wittgenstein and the remaining brother contemplating it too. Bertrand Russell described him as the most perfect example of genius, "passionate, profound, intense, and dominating", while Richard Rorty wrote that he took out his intense self-loathing on everyone he met. He grew angry when his students wanted to teach philosophy, and was famously overjoyed when G.E. Moore's wife told him she was working in a jam factory-doing something useful, in Wittgenstein's eyes. He tried to leave philosophy himself several times, serving during the First World War on the front lines with the Austrian Army, and commended for his courage; teaching in schools in Austrian villages, where he found himself in trouble for hitting the children; and working during the Second World War as an orderly in Guy's Hospital, London, where only a few of the staff were told that the new porter was the professor of philosophy at Cambridge.

 
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