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The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America

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The book, 'The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America' by Richard Rothstein, delves into the systemic racial segregation imposed by the American government through various covert tactics. It explores how federal, state, and local government policies, such as racial zoning, subsidies for builders to create whites-only suburbs, and tax exemptions for institutions enforcing segregation, contributed to racial segregation, wealth, and income inequality. Rothstein meticulously documents the history of discriminatory housing practices and the detrimental impact they had on Black Americans over several generations. The book provides a compelling narrative on how racism is deeply woven into societal systems, shedding light on the deliberate actions taken to perpetuate segregation.

Writing/Prose:

The writing style is detailed and dense, combining thorough research with systematic storytelling, making complex historical evidence accessible.

Plot/Storyline:

The plot reveals the extensive involvement of the government in structuring and enforcing residential segregation, showcasing policies that favored white Americans while systematically excluding Black Americans.

Setting:

The setting of the book encompasses various U.S. regions and neighborhoods throughout the 20th century, particularly in relation to housing policies.

Pacing:

The pacing is uneven, with detailed sections slowing the read, but engaging narratives and examples help maintain interest.
WE THINK OF the San Francisco Bay Area as one of the nation’s more liberal and inclusive regions. If the federal, state, and local governments explicitly segregated the population into distinct black ...

Notes:

The book describes how U.S. laws and policies systematically enforced residential segregation.
Government leaders and agencies actively participated in segregation, contrary to the idea of it being solely a private choice.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and other leaders supported discriminatory housing practices.
Housing shortages after World War II led to public housing being built mainly for white families, often near good schools and jobs.
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) would not provide mortgage insurance for properties sold to African Americans.
Properties in places like Levittown explicitly barred sales to African Americans and Communists.
African Americans often faced violence when attempting to move into white neighborhoods, while police were indifferent.
Housing developments for African Americans were built with poorer materials and located far from job opportunities.
The government used tactics like blockbusting to instill fear in white homeowners, prompting them to sell their homes at lower prices as black families moved in.
Many African Americans were trapped in inferior housing because of systemic discrimination, even when they could afford better homes.
The book illustrates that the wealth gap between white and African American families partly stems from discriminatory policies preventing fair access to housing.
Restrictive covenants in property deeds historically prohibited selling homes to black families, and many still exist in some form today.
The book argues that educational and health inequalities for African Americans are linked to housing segregation.
Proposals for remedies include subsidizing African American homebuyers in predominantly white areas and revising exclusionary zoning laws.
The author stresses the need for societal recognition and remedying these past injustices to move towards true integration and equality.

Sensitive Topics/Content Warnings

Content warnings include discussions of systemic racism, discrimination, violence, and socioeconomic inequality.

From The Publisher:

New York Times Bestseller

Notable Book of the Year

Editors' Choice Selection

One of Bill Gates' "Amazing Books" of the Year

One of Publishers Weekly's 10 Best Books of the Year

Longlisted for the National Book Award for Nonfiction

An NPR Best Book of the Year

Winner of the Hillman Prize for Nonfiction

Gold Winner

California Book Award (Nonfiction)

Finalist

Los Angeles Times Book Prize (History)

Finalist

Brooklyn Public Library Literary Prize

This "powerful and disturbing history" exposes how American governments deliberately imposed racial segregation on metropolitan areas nationwide (New York Times Book Review).

Widely heralded as a "masterful" (Washington Post) and "essential" (Slate) history of the modern American metropolis, Richard Rothstein's The Color of Law offers "the most forceful argument ever published on how federal, state, and local governments gave rise to and reinforced neighborhood segregation" (William Julius Wilson). Exploding the myth of de facto segregation arising from private prejudice or the unintended consequences of economic forces, Rothstein describes how the American government systematically imposed residential segregation: with undisguised racial zoning; public housing that purposefully segregated previously mixed communities; subsidies for builders to create whites-only suburbs; tax exemptions for institutions that enforced segregation; and support for violent resistance to African Americans in white neighborhoods. A groundbreaking, "virtually indispensable" study that has already transformed our understanding of twentieth-century urban history (Chicago Daily Observer), The Color of Law forces us to face the obligation to remedy our unconstitutional past.

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About the Author:

Richard Rothstein is a research associate of the Economic Policy Institute and a Fellow at the Thurgood Marshall Institute of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund. He lives in California, where he is a Fellow of the Haas Institute at the University of California-Berkeley.

 
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